定冠詞限定名詞時(shí)主要表示特指,應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
(1) the和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,表示一類(lèi)人或物,如:the fern(蕨類(lèi)), the wallflower
(2) 序數(shù)詞之前必須用the,如:the first woman, the nineteenth century 但前面有物主代詞時(shí)除外,如 my first baby
(3) 形容詞最高級(jí)之前必須用the(有物主代詞時(shí)除外),如:the largest city, the most advanced technology
(4) of連接的名詞前多用the, 如:the development of the watch
(5) 世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西前應(yīng)加the, 如:the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun
在下列情況下,一般不用the:
(1) 表示人名、地名、國(guó)家名等專(zhuān)有名詞前, 一般不加,如: Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英語(yǔ)), February(二月), America(美 國(guó))
但是在表示海洋、海峽、江、河、山脈、群島等專(zhuān)有名詞時(shí)要加上the the Great Lakes(
美國(guó)五大湖), the Changjiang River(長(zhǎng)江)
(2) 無(wú)特指的不可數(shù)名詞前,如:algebra(代數(shù)學(xué)), advertising, accounting(會(huì)計(jì)學(xué))
(3) 表示類(lèi)別的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,如:Historians believe that…, Amphibians(兩棲動(dòng)物) hatch from…
(4) 一些固定詞組中,如:in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in bed
乘車(chē)的詞組:
by train(乘火車(chē)), by car (乘汽車(chē)), by bicycle(騎腳踏車(chē)), by bus (乘公共汽車(chē)), by land(由陸路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air (通過(guò)航空) on foot (步行), by plane(乘飛機(jī)), by ship (乘船),
打球的詞組:
play tennis, play baseball, play basketball
注意:表示職位的詞之前的冠詞有無(wú)均可, 如:He was elected (the)chairman of the committee. 不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞和不可數(shù)名詞原形連用, 下面這些限定詞后面一定跟不可數(shù)名詞:much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、豐富的) little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 屬不可數(shù)名詞專(zhuān)用另外一些詞(詞組)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of, the rest of, plenty of等既可接可數(shù)名詞又可接不可數(shù)名詞。有些形容詞本身就具有“比….年長(zhǎng)”、“ 比…..優(yōu)越”等含義,因此也就沒(méi)有比 較級(jí) 和最高級(jí)。
比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。這些形容詞往往和 to連用 ,而不和than連用。
有些形容詞本身就具備“最、極”的含義,所以就沒(méi)有最高級(jí)和比較級(jí)。如:absolute(絕對(duì)的), unique(獨(dú)一無(wú)二的), infinite(無(wú)限的), round(圓的),right(對(duì)的), correct(正確的), wrong(錯(cuò)誤的), perfect(完美的),這類(lèi)形容詞往往被稱(chēng) 為絕對(duì)形容詞對(duì)于most來(lái)講,除了構(gòu)成某些詞最高級(jí)外,most的用法有幾點(diǎn)需要注意,經(jīng)常成為改錯(cuò)題
考點(diǎn):
1. 當(dāng)most表示大多數(shù)時(shí),之前不加the, 并且有兩種形式來(lái)表示大多數(shù),分別 為:
most + 名詞,
如:most people, most Indian tribes;most + of + 限定詞 + 名詞或代詞,如:most of his paintings,most of us, most of the modern artists
2. most有時(shí)意思等同于very, 此時(shí)most之前用不定冠詞,
如:a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal
例題:
(1)The most substances expand in volume when they are heated.
A B C D
答案:A
應(yīng)改為:Most
解釋?zhuān)簃ost只有在表示形容詞最高級(jí)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)需加定冠詞,此句表示“大多數(shù)”,沒(méi)必要加the. Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the nonmetals
A B C
oxygen and silicon are more still abundant.
D
考點(diǎn):程度副詞
答案:D
應(yīng)改為:still more
解釋?zhuān)撼潭雀痹~still修飾比較級(jí)more時(shí),應(yīng)置于其前
幾點(diǎn)參考規(guī)則:
1. 多數(shù)副詞放在修飾的動(dòng)詞之后,若動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)則放在賓語(yǔ)之后,如:She sings very well.
I met your uncle(動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)) just now.
I met just now your uncle (錯(cuò))
2. 副詞修飾形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞時(shí)常放在被修飾成分之前,如:These two are only slightly different.
right after this, very smoothly
當(dāng)然,副詞enough是一個(gè)例外,要放在修飾成分的后面,如:I am not good
enough to do this job. (對(duì))
I am not enough good to do this job. (錯(cuò))
3. 表示頻率的副詞常放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,be動(dòng)詞之后,如:He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(實(shí)意動(dòng)詞) tennis. 、He is always here at 8’clock.
(be動(dòng)詞之后)
4. 部分副詞的位置沒(méi)有一定的規(guī)定,原則上接近被修飾詞即可,如:only, even, still, perhaps, etc.